Excel добавить панель vba

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Если перед вам стоит задача по автоматизации чего-нибудь в excel, то забудьте про макросы, расположенные непосредственно в книге, создавайте панель инструментов (ribbon), которая

1. не зависит от конкретного файла
2. располагается в основной панели инструментов
3. дает кастомизируемый UI

Для того что бы создать такую панель вам потребуется

1) файл excel с расширением xlam, расположенный в %userprofile%appdataroamingmicrosoftaddins

2) редактор xml ресурса (для разметки кнопок)

3) определить кнопки по примеру

button id="b_MemberSelect" label="Member Select"    onAction="p_MemberSelect" imageMso="ReturnToTaskList"  size="large" 

где p_MemberSelect это процедура VBA

4) в иницилазации процедуры (в файле xlam) нужно передавать предопределенные параметры
Sub p_MemberSelect(ByVal vIRibbonControl As IRibbonControl)

Но у данного решения есть одно ограничение — нет возможности создавать формы, встроенные в панели Excel, например:

Этот пример из проекта In2Sql (плагин для Excel, который визуализирует объекты SQL). В этом плагине код создан с помощью c# и библиотек VSTO.

В Excel 5 впервые была реализована поддержка нового макроязыка Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Каждая копия Excel, начиная с 1993 года, содержит копию языка VBA, в явном виде не представленную на рабочих листах. VBA позволяет выполнять действия, которые обычно реализуются в Excel, но делает это намного быстрее и безукоризненно.

Если вам доводилось прежде сталкиваться с VBA-программами, то вы знаете, что очень часто они позволяют с помощью всего одного щелчка получать результаты, на которые в случае применения обычных средств Excel уходит несколько часов, а то и дней. Не стоит пугаться сложностей VBA, это ничуть не сложнее чем эмулятор psp. В 90% случаев программный код генерируется благодаря функции записи макросов, и только самые эффективные VBA-приложения пишутся вручную. В примерах раздела «Использование VBA для создания сводных таблиц» вы познакомитесь с нелегкой работой настоящего VBA-программиста.

По умолчанию VBA в Excel 2010 отключен. Прежде чем начать его использовать, нужно активизировать его в диалоговом окне Центр управления безопасностью (Trust Center). Выполните следующие действия.

1. Выберите вкладку Файл (File) для перехода в окно представления Backstage.
2. В находящейся слева навигационной панели щелкните на кнопке Параметры (Options). На экране появится диалоговое окно Параметры Excel (Excel Options).
3. В диалоговом окне Параметры Excel выберите категорию Настройка ленты (Customize Ribbon).
4. В находящемся справа списке отображается перечень основных вкладок Excel. По умолчанию флажок для вкладки Разработчик (Developer) не установлен. Установите его, после чего вкладка Разработчик отобразится на ленте. Щелкните на кнопке ОК для закрытия окна Параметры Excel.

5. Выберите вкладку ленты Разработчик. Нам понадобится группа команд Код (Code), в состав которой входят кнопки Visual Basic Editor, Макросы (Macros), Запись макроса (Macro Recorder) и Безопасность макросов (Macro Security) (рис. 12.1).



Рис. 12.1. Доступ к инструментам VBA реализуется через вкладку Разработчик

5. Щелкните на кнопке Безопасность макросов. На экране появится диалоговое окно Центр управления безопаность, в котором можно выбрать одну из четырех настроек, задающих уровень безопасности при работе с макросами. Названия этих настроек изменились по сравнению с названиями, применяемыми в версиях Excel 97 — Excel 2003. Соответствующие объяснения можно найти при описании следующего шага.
6. Выберите один из следующих переключателей.
   • Отключить все макросы с уведомлением (Disable all macros with notification). Эта настройка эквивалентна среднему уровню безопасности макросов в Excel 2003. При открытии рабочей книги, содержащей макросы, на экране появится сообщение о том, что в файле имеются макросы. Если вы хотите, чтобы эти макросы выполнялись, щелкните на кнопке Параметры (Options) и установите флажок Включить это содержимое (Enable). Это позволит VBA выполнять макросы, но вам придется явным образом разрешать их запуск при загрузке Excel.
   • Включить все макросы (Enable all macros). Эта настройка эквивалентна низкому уровню защиты макросов в Excel 2003. Поскольку она разрешает выполнение абсолютно всех макросов, содержащихся в рабочей книге (в том числе и зловредных), разработчики из Microsoft настоятельно не рекомендуют ее использовать.

Вкладка разработчика в Excel

Вкладка «Разработчик» в Excel используется для генерации макросов, создания приложений VBA, проектирования форм и импорта или экспорта XML. По умолчанию вкладка разработчика отключена в Excel, поэтому ее необходимо включить в меню параметров в Excel.

Давайте углубимся и рассмотрим различные варианты, предлагаемые на вкладке «Разработчик».

Как добавить вкладку разработчика в Excel?

• Шаг 1. Откройте новый лист Excel и перейдите к файлу, перейдите к параметрам.

• Шаг 2. После нажатия «Параметры» выберите «Настроить ленту» слева и выберите «Основные вкладки» справа, затем установите флажок «Разработчик» и нажмите кнопку «ОК».

• Шаг 3. Вкладка разработчика появится в файле Excel

Как писать программы VBA с помощью вкладки разработчика?

Вкладку разработчика в Excel можно использовать для написания программ VBA, как показано ниже —

Вы можете скачать этот шаблон Excel для вкладки разработчика здесь — шаблон для вкладки разработчика в Excel

Пример №1 — Написание простого кода для отображения «Привет, добро пожаловать в VBA»

Перейдите на вкладку разработчика и выберите «Visual Basic», появится новое окно.

Дважды щелкните Sheet1 (Sheet1), и справа появится пустой документ или панель.

Напишите следующий код и нажмите кнопку «Выполнить», появится всплывающее окно с надписью «Привет, добро пожаловать в VBA».

Пояснение к коду:

Sub и End Sub используются как процедуры или, скажем, основная часть программы.

« Msgbox » — это функциональная функция в пакете VBA, которая отображает все, что в нем написано, например, здесь («Привет, добро пожаловать в VBA»)

Чтобы сохранить приведенный выше код, сохраните его как файл .xlsm, чтобы сохранить код макроса.

Пример # 2 — Функция нажатия кнопки

Эта конкретная функция позволяет любому запускать код одним нажатием кнопки, и для лучшего понимания давайте представим иллюстрацию, где человек динамически вводит имя и место рождения, которые будут отображаться в качестве выходных данных.

Перейдите на вкладку «Разработчик» и нажмите «Радиокнопки» в Excel и выберите «Кнопка (управление формой)»

Перетащите его в любое место формы, появится следующее диалоговое окно и переименует имя макроса.

Нажмите кнопку «Создать», и появится следующая кодовая страница.

Кодовая часть и объяснение

• Функция « Dim » используется для объявления переменной, которая может быть строковой, числовой и т. Д. (Здесь Имя и Место рождения — переменные, объявленные как строка)
• «InputBox» — это функциональная функция в VBA, в которой пользователя просят ввести
• « Msgbox » — это функциональная возможность в пакете VBA, которая отображает все, что в нем написано.

Теперь закройте окно кодовой страницы

Щелкните правой кнопкой мыши по кнопке и выберите редактировать текст в Excel, где была создана кнопка, и переименуйте его в «Name_Birth»

Нажмите на кнопку и введите имя и место рождения.

Появятся два запроса для имени и рождения (введите имя и место рождения, например: Дриш и Пуна)

После ввода имени появится следующий вывод

Сохраните файл как файл .xlsm

Как записать макрос на вкладке разработчика?

Он лучше всего подходит, когда нужно выполнять задачу постоянно и вы хотите сэкономить время как на повторяющейся работе, так и на написании кода.

Итак, вот предыдущий пример, который я взял ранее. Предположим, кто-то хочет раскрасить столбец, в котором есть формулы, но для каждого файла. Итак, что можно сделать, это записать работу, сделав ее сначала вручную, а затем запустить ее для других файлов.

Предположим, у нас есть данные, как показано ниже

Итак, здесь мы должны окрасить желтым цветом столбцы F, G и итоговую сумму строки желтым цветом, поскольку они являются столбцом и строками формулы.

Итак, перед окраской эти желтые идут на вкладку разработчика.

Нажмите на Запись макроса в Excel.

После нажатия на кнопку «Запись макроса» появится диалоговое окно, в котором его можно переименовать в Color_Yellow.

Цвет столбцов F, G и итоговой строки желтым

После раскраски переходим во вкладку Разработчик

Нажмите Остановить запись.

Перейдите на вкладку Разработчик в Excel и Visual Basic

Выбрать модуль

В следующий раз, когда кто-то захочет повторить задачу, можно нажать кнопку (Выполнить макрос), скопировав и вставив тот же код в новый лист Excel, используя ссылку Написание простого кода для отображения

Как обеспечить безопасность макросов с помощью вкладки разработчика?

При необходимости можно включить макросы, защищенные паролем

Перейдите на вкладку Разработчик

Открыть Visual Basic

Откройте макрос, для кода которого требуется активация пароля (например: мы берем макрос Color_Yellow, как в приведенном выше примере)

Выберите Инструменты и свойства VBAProject.

Появится диалоговое окно

Выберите вкладку Защита

Проверьте проект блокировки для просмотра

Введите нужный пароль, подтвердите его и нажмите ОК.

Сохраните его как файл .xlsm при сохранении и закройте

Откройте файл и повторите шаги 1,2 и 3.

Он запросит пароль и введите пароль

Теперь сможем увидеть код

То, что нужно запомнить

• Это встроенная вкладка в Excel
• Легко автоматизировать все с помощью записи макроса
• Лучшее в этом — подсказки времени выполнения или подсказки пользователя, которые могут быть предоставлены посредством нажатия кнопки в VBA.
• Можно также создавать формы или базовый пользовательский интерфейс в VBA, см. Ссылки для тех же

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) is a form of the Visual Basic programming language integrated into all Microsoft Office products. You can create add-on components within your basic Excel 2019 spreadsheet to create additional functionality. VBA can get complicated, but knowing how to create basic code and functionality can improve your spreadsheet’s usefulness and automate certain activity that would take hours of time.

Enabling the Developer Tab in Excel 2019

To use VBA, you need the «Developer» tab enabled. The «Developer» tab has several buttons and features that enhance the way you create spreadsheets. If you don’t have the «Developer» tab enabled, follow these next steps to enable it.

Click the «File» ribbon tab, and then click the «Options» link that shows in the bottom-left section of the Excel window. This opens a new configuration window where you can set preference for different elements of Excel. Click the «Customize Ribbon» option in the left panel.

(Excel options and configuration window)

In the image above, notice that the developer option is checked in the far right panel. This check box enables the «Developer» tab in your Excel view. Click «OK» to enable the tab and return to your Excel 2019 interface.

(VBA button location)

You should now see an additional tab marked «Developer» in the list of Excel 2019 menu options. Click this tab, and you’ll see the VBA button available on the left side.

Creating a Button on Your Spreadsheet

When you want to use VBA on your spreadsheet, buttons are one of the most common elements that you add to your document. With a button, you can trigger an event and use it to perform an action.

Components for VBA actions are found in the «Developer» tab in the «Insert» button dropdown.

(Form and ActiveX components for VBA)

When you click the «Insert» button, a dropdown displays all of the available components that you can add to your spreadsheets. The top-left control in the «Form Controls» section has the button control. You can hover your mouse over each of the components in the list to see what you can add to a spreadsheet. If you are familiar with HTML web page components, then you will recognize most of the available components in the dropdown.

Click the button control and then you can draw the button on your spreadsheet. Drawing a button lets you make it as large as small as you want. After you draw the button, a window opens where you can assign a macro.

(Assign macro window)

Click «OK» and the window closes. Now you see a button on your spreadsheet with the label «Button 1.» You can change the label on the newly created button by right-clicking the button and selecting «Edit Text.» This action prompts you for the new button name. Type a new name for your button. In this example, we’ve used the text «My Button» for the button text.

(A new button with custom text)

You can click the button if you want, and an error message with display telling you that you haven’t created a macro for it yet. This is because you haven’t created the code that will run when the button is clicked. The button serves no purpose, but you can create the macro that runs when it’s pushed, which then removes the error when you click the button.

Right click the button and choose «Assign Macro.» This action opens a Visual Basic for Applications workspace. The workspace is tied to the workbook that you have open, but you can make full applications that tie with your spreadsheet using VBA. In this workspace, you can create, test, and run any code that you assign to components in your application.

Working in the VBA Workspace

The VBA workspace looks the same whether you program macros in Word or Excel. It’s a workspace where you can program the macro and view all other code that you’ve previously created.

(VBA workspace)

The image above shows the VBA workspace. When you right click a component such as a button and choose «Edit Code,» VBA opens to the location where code is triggered when you click the button. VBA gives names to these functions that help you identify what happens should you perform an activity on it. Since a button is usually triggered by a click event, the function is given the original name of the button, an underscore, and then the word «Click.» For your first button created in your spreadsheet, the name for a click event is «Button1_Click()» and you add any code between the «Sub» and «End Sub» phrases.

The «Sub» keyword indicates that you are starting an event. The next part is the name of the event, and the last statement in a trigger event is the «End Sub» statement.

In the left panel of the workspace, you can see other objects in a tree view. The top object is always the workbook. If you recall, a workbook contains worksheet. Under the «Book1» main project header, you see «ThisWorkbook» which represents the workbook that you have opened, and the «Sheet1» represents the worksheet in the workbook. You can write VBA that works directly on a workbook or a worksheet activity such as when you open the workbook, a macro automatically runs.

The «Modules» section holds the files that you store containing VBA code. You can have several of these in your VBA code, or you can just have one file that contains all of the functions used to run macros.

Writing Some Simple VBA Code

With the VBA editor open, you now have a function ready to edit for your button. Anything you type in the «Sub» and «End Sub» statements will run when you click the Button1 component. When you start working with VBA, you want to create easy function statements so that you can follow what is going on as the code runs. In this example, we’ll add some text to a cell within the current spreadsheet.

Within the sub start and end phrases, type the following code:

Sub Button1_Click()

Range(«A1»).Value = «My Test»

End Sub

The code above tells Excel 2019 that you want to change the value contained in the cell «A1» in the current sheet to «My Test.» The «Range» indicates that you want to apply changes to a cell range set in the functions parameters. You can assign any value to a range, but in this example we apply text. Any formatting already set on the cell will also still apply, so if you have a cell set to bold text, then this value will have the bold format applied.

At the top of the VBA workspace, notice that there are three start, pause and stop buttons. You can use these buttons to test your new code. The «start» button will run the current function and apply changes to the spreadsheet, which in this example is changing content to «My Test.»

(The start button in the VBA workspace)

Click the start button and watch the text in the A1 cell change to «My Test.» Should you have a long list of statements within your function, you might want to pause the procedure. The stop button stops execution, so should you resume it then execution will start where it left off. With the pause button, execution resumes where the last statement left off.

The «MsgBox» function is extremely common in any application. The MsgBox function displays a warning or a message to the user. In any software application, you’ve seen pop-up windows that display a message that provides information. Even web applications display messages as pop-ups and warnings. The MsgBox function in VBA is the equivalent of all of these pop-ups that you’ve seen across different applications.

Suppose that you want to show a confirmation to the user that the button’s function completed execution. In this example, only one statement executes, but you might have hundreds of lines of code that must execute and you want to show the user that it’s completed. You might have a procedure that takes an unusual amount of time to complete, so users must wait for it to complete and then you display the message to confirm when the procedure is over.

Add the next line of code to the same VBA function Button1_Click():

Sub Button1_Click()

Range(«A1»).Value = «My Test»

MsgBox «Cell value change finished»

End Sub

In the code above, the cell A1 has its value changed to «My Test.» After the text is changed in the A1 cell, a message box opens and displays the text «Cell value change finished.» This is just a small example of how you can use the MsgBox function. After you finished changing your VBA code, click the play button again. You will see the two statements run, and the program will stop.

After you are finished writing your code, you still need to save it and test it within the spreadsheet. Your users won’t open the VBA workspace, so you need to make sure that the code executes outside of the VBA workspace.

Close the VBA workspace. You now need to assign the macro to the button. Right-click the button and click «Assign Macro.» Choose the Button1_Click value and click «OK.» Should you ever want to go back and change the statements executed by the macro. Use this screen to click the macro name, and then click «Edit» to again open the VBA workspace with the function code shown in the workspace window.

After the window closes, click the button. Notice that the text in cell A1 changes and then a window displays with a message that the procedure has completed. You’ve just created your first VBA macro that runs in your spreadsheet. You can create much more complex applications with VBA that run across several spreadsheets and can affect several other workbooks that aren’t even open on your desktop.

One issue to remember with VBA is that it’s a powerful tool that can do harm if it’s used the wrong way. Malware writers use VBA macros to download malicious software and install it on your computer. When you work with macros, your recipients of any spreadsheet must give your macros permission to run on their machines. Most users are trained not to open spreadsheets with macros, so they are mostly used within the same organization.

Ready to supercharge your Excel productivity? A custom toolbar can do just that.

A well-made Excel macro can perform a time-consuming task in one click, which is pretty convenient. It’s even more convenient when you construct a custom toolbar containing all your most commonly used macros.

Attaching a macro to a button is one solution, but there are times when it would be great to embed that functionality into the Excel interface. By following these steps, you can put your macros right there in the Ribbon.

Here’s how to get started on your custom toolbar.

Adding a Tab to the Ribbon

First, we’re going to add our own custom tab to the Ribbon which will house our toolbar. Right-click it and select Customize the Ribbon.

On the next screen, click New Tab.

Highlight your new tab, then click Rename. I’m going to call mine Macros, but you can choose whatever you want.

Press OK to return to the spreadsheet.

Our Macros tab has appeared, just as we were hoping. However, it’s a little bit empty at the moment.

To give it some functionality, let’s whip up a few basic macros.

Creating Macros

First, we’re going to create a very, very simple macro to get the basics down.

Creating the Time and Date Macro

First, head to the Developer tab and click Macros.

Enter the macro name dateandtime and then click Create.

Excel will open the Visual Basic editor. Add the following code:

  Sub dateandtime()MsgBox NowEnd Sub 

This tells Excel to present a message box to the user and to populate that message box with the current time and date, per the Now command. Save your work — remembering to save your spreadsheet as a macro-enabled file if you haven’t done so already — and head back to Excel.

Click Macros in the Developer tab once again, and this time highlight dateandtime and click Run.

You should see something like this:

Our message box macro works! Now let’s try something a little more complicated.

Open the Macros dialog once again, and this time enter the name customheaders and click Create.

Enter the following code under Sub customheaders():

  Range("A1").Value = "Date"Range("B1").Value = "Title"Range("C1").Value = "Priority"Range("D1").Value = "Status"Range("E1").Value = "Finished?" 

This will populate the cells in the brackets following the Range command with the corresponding text string. Of course, you can switch out the headers for whatever you want, and expand the list as necessary.

Add this line of code to the bottom:

  Range("A1:E1").Font.Bold = True 

This will apply bold formatting to each header. If you’ve added extra headers, make sure to adjust the cells in the brackets following the Range command.

Now, it’s time to head back to Excel and see whether our macro works as it should.

Indeed it did. This macro is handy if you’re setting up new worksheets that contain new data every week or month. Once we add this macro to our toolbar, we’ll be able to populate these headers with one click, rather than typing them out manually every time.

Now for one more macro.

Creating the Linked Spreadsheet Macro

First, create a brand new spreadsheet and save it. Then, open the document we were working with earlier and navigate to Developer > Macros. Enter the name linkedspreadsheet and click Create.

Enter the following code below Sub linkedspreadsheet():

  Workbooks.Open ("C:UsersbradjDesktopMake Use OfVBA Toolbarholiday availability.xlsx") 

However, you’ll need to swap out the path for the spreadsheet you just created. To find that out, navigate to the document in File Explorer, right-click it and select Properties.

This macro opens the specified workbook. I’m using a holiday availability chart that I have to reference often while looking at another spreadsheet, so it makes sense for me to have a direct link to this file on my toolbar.

Save your work and head back to Excel to test it out.

It works great. When I run the macro, the linked spreadsheet opens up straight away. Now we just need to add all these macros to our toolbar.

Open the Macros tab we created earlier and right-click the Ribbon. Select Customize the Ribbon.

Use the Choose commands from drop-down menu and select Macros.

You should see the three macros we made earlier. Highlight each one and use the Add button to insert it into a New Group under the Macros tab.

Highlight each macro and click Rename to give them a more presentable label, and add a custom icon.

Now we have a fully functional toolbar that offers instant access to those macros we created.

Everyone knows that Excel is an incredibly powerful piece of software.

It can do just about anything — and as a result, the default set-up can be a little bit overwhelming.

Excel really comes into its own when you tailor it to your own usage. If you can create a custom toolbar composed of your own specialized macros, you’re sure to be more productive. No one knows your workflow better than you do, so no one is in a better position to shave off wasted time wherever possible.

All it takes is a little knowledge of VBA, and that’s an intimidating prospect if you’re not an experienced coder. However, it’s really not as difficult as it might seem, especially if you start with the VBA basics. Pretty soon, you’ll be ready to tailor your own macros, and that’s a great skill to have if you’re serious about mastering Excel.

Do you have a tip on creating Excel macros? Are you looking for help with the process of building a toolbar? Join the conversation in the comments section below!

Image Credit: ARTIST via Shutterstock.com

The first step to working with VBA in Excel is to get yourself familiarized with the Visual Basic Editor (also called the VBA Editor or VB Editor).

In this tutorial, I will cover all there is to know about the VBA Editor and some useful options that you should know when coding in Excel VBA.

What is Visual Basic Editor in Excel?

Visual Basic Editor is a separate application that is a part of Excel and opens whenever you open an Excel workbook. By default, it’s hidden and to access it, you need to activate it.

VB Editor is the place where you keep the VB code.

There are multiple ways you get the code in the VB Editor:

1. When you record a macro, it automatically creates a new module in the VB Editor and inserts the code in that module.
2. You can manually type VB code in the VB editor.
3. You can copy a code from some other workbook or from the internet and paste it in the VB Editor.

Opening the VB Editor

There are various ways to open the Visual Basic Editor in Excel:

1. Using a Keyboard Shortcut (easiest and fastest)
2. Using the Developer Tab.
3. Using the Worksheet Tabs.

Let’s go through each of these quickly.

Keyboard Shortcut to Open the Visual Basic Editor

The easiest way to open the Visual Basic editor is to use the keyboard shortcut – ALT + F11 (hold the ALT key and press the F11 key).

As soon as you do this, it will open a separate window for the Visual Basic editor.

This shortcut works as a toggle, so when you use it again, it will take you back to the Excel application (without closing the VB Editor).

The shortcut for the Mac version is Opt + F11 or Fn + Opt + F11

Using the Developer Tab

To open the Visual Basic Editor from the ribbon:

1. Click the Developer tab (if you don’t see a developer tab, read this on how to get it).
2. In the Code group, click on Visual Basic.

Using the Worksheet Tab

This is a less used method to open the Vb Editor.

Go to any of the worksheet tabs, right-click, and select ‘View Code’.

This method wouldn’t just open the VB Editor, it will also take you to the code window for that worksheet object.

This is useful when you want to write code that works only for a specific worksheet. This is usually the case with worksheet events.

Anatomy of the Visual Basic Editor in Excel

When you open the VB Editor for the first time, it may look a bit overwhelming.

There are different options and sections that may seem completely new at first.

Also, it still has an old Excel 97 days look. While Excel has improved tremendously in design and usability over the years, the VB Editor has not seen any change in the way it looks.

In this section, I will take you through the different parts of the Visual Basic Editor application.

Note: When I started using VBA years ago, I was quite overwhelmed with all these new options and windows. But as you get used to working with VBA, you would get comfortable with most of these. And most of the time, you’ll not be required to use all the options, only a hand full.

Below is an image of the different components of the VB Editor. These are then described in detail in the below sections of this tutorial.

Now let’s quickly go through each of these components and understand what it does:

Menu Bar

This is where you have all the options that you can use in the VB Editor. It is similar to the Excel ribbon where you have tabs and options with each tab.

You can explore the available options by clicking on each of the menu element.

You will notice that most of the options in VB Editor have keyboard shortcuts mentioned next to it. Once you get used to a few keyboard shortcuts, working with the VB Editor becomes really easy.

Tool Bar

By default, there is a toolbar in the VB Editor which has some useful options that you’re likely to need most often. This is just like the Quick Access Toolbar in Excel. It gives you quick access to some of the useful options.

You can customize it a little by removing or adding options to it (by clicking on the small downward pointing arrow at the end of the toolbar).

In most cases, the default toolbar is all you need when working with the VB Editor.

You can move the toolbar above the menu bar by clicking on the three gray dots (at the beginning of the toolbar) and dragging it above the menu bar.

Note: There are four toolbars in the VB Editor – Standard, Debug, Edit, and User form. What you see in the image above (which is also the default) is the standard toolbar. You can access other toolbars by going to the View option and hovering the cursor on the Toolbars option. You can add one or more toolbars to the VB Editor if you want.

Project Explorer

Project Explorer is a window on the left that shows all the objects currently open in Excel.

When you’re working with Excel, every workbook or add-in that is open is a project. And each of these projects can have a collection of objects in it.

For example, in the below image, the Project Explorer shows the two workbooks that are open (Book1 and Book2) and the objects in each workbook (worksheets, ThisWorkbook, and Module in Book1).

There is a plus icon to the left of objects that you can use to collapse the list of objects or expand and see the complete list of objects.

The following objects can be a part of the Project Explorer:

1. All open Workbooks – within each workbook (which is also called a project), you can have the following objects:
   • Worksheet object for each worksheet in the workbook
   • ThisWorkbook object which represents the workbook itself
   • Chartsheet object for each chart sheet (these are not as common as worksheets)
   • Modules – This is where the code that is generated with a macro recorder goes. You can also write or copy-paste VBA code here.
2. All open Add-ins

Consider the Project Explorer as a place that outlines all the objects open in Excel at the given time.

The keyboard shortcut to open the Project Explorer is Control + R (hold the control key and then press R). To close it, simply click the close icon at the top right of the Project Explorer window.

Note: For every object in Project Explorer, there is a code window in which you can write the code (or copy and paste it from somewhere). The code window appears when you double click on the object.

Properties Window

Properties window is where you get to see the properties of the select object. If you don’t have the Properties window already, you can get it by using the keyboard shortcut F4 (or go to the View tab and click Properties window).

Properties window is a floating window which you can dock in the VB Editor. In the below example, I have docked it just below the Project Explorer.

Properties window allows us to change the properties of a selected object. For example, if I want to make a worksheet hidden (or very hidden), I can do that by changing the Visible Property of the selected worksheet object.

Related: Hiding a Worksheet in Excel (that can not be un-hidden easily)

Code Window

There is a code window for each object that is listed in the Project Explorer. You can open the code window for an object by double-clicking on it in the Project Explorer area.

Code window is where you’ll write your code or copy paste a code from somewhere else.

When you record a macro, the code for it goes into the code window of a module. Excel automatically inserts a module to place the code in it when recording a macro.

Related: How to Run a Macro (VBA Code) in Excel.

Immediate Window

The Immediate window is mostly used when debugging code. One way I use the Immediate window is by using a Print.Debug statement within the code and then run the code.

It helps me to debug the code and determine where my code gets stuck. If I get the result of Print.Debug in the immediate window, I know the code worked at least till that line.

If you’re new to VBA coding, it may take you some time to be able to use the immediate window for debugging.

By default, the immediate window is not visible in the VB Editor. You can get it by using the keyboard shortcut Control + G (or can go to the View tab and click on ‘Immediate Window’).

Where to Add Code in the VB Editor

I hope you now have a basic understanding of what VB Editor is and what all parts it has.

In this section of this tutorial, I will show you where to add a VBA code in the Visual Basic Editor.

There are two places where you can add the VBA code in Excel:

1. The code window for an object. These objects can be a workbook, worksheet, User Form, etc.
2. The code window of a module.

Module Code Window Vs Object Code Window

Let me first quickly clear the difference between adding a code in a module vs adding a code in an object code window.

When you add a code to any of the objects, it’s dependent on some action of that object that will trigger that code. For example, if you want to unhide all the worksheets in a workbook as soon as you open that workbook, then the code would go in the ThisWorkbook object (which represents the workbook).

The trigger, in this case, is opening the workbook.

Similarly, if you want to protect a worksheet as soon as some other worksheet is activated, the code for that would go in the worksheet code window.

These triggers are called events and you can associate a code to be executed when an event occurs.

Related: Learn more about Events in VBA.

On the contrary, the code in the module needs to be executed either manually (or it can be called from other subroutines as well).

When you record a macro, Excel automatically creates a module and inserts the recorded macro code in it. Now if you have to run this code, you need to manually execute the macro.

Adding VBA Code in Module

While recording a macro automatically creates a module and inserts the code in it, there are some limitations when using a macro recorder. For example, it can not use loops or If Then Else conditions.

In such cases, it’s better to either copy and paste the code manually or write the code yourself.

A module can be used to hold the following types of VBA codes:

1. Declarations: You can declare variables in a module. Declaring variables allows you to specify what type of data a variable can hold. You can declare a variable for a sub-routine only or for all sub-routines in the module (or all modules)
2. Subroutines (Procedures): This is the code that has the steps you want VBA to perform.
3. Function Procedures: This is a code that returns a single value and you can use it to create custom functions (also called User Defined Functions or UDFs in VBA)

By default, a module is not a part of the workbook. You need to insert it first before using it.

Adding a Module in the VB Editor

Below are the steps to add a module:

1. Right-click on any object of the workbook (in which you want the module).
2. Hover the cursor on the Insert option.
3. Click on Module.

This would instantly create a folder called Module and insert an object called Module 1. If you already have a module inserted, the above steps would insert another module.

Once the module is inserted, you can double click on the module object in the Project Explorer and it will open the code window for it.

Now you can copy-paste the code or write it yourself.

Removing the Module

Below are the steps to remove a module in Excel VBA:

1. Right-click on the module that you want to remove.
2. Click on Remove Module option.
3. In the dialog box that opens, click on No.

Note: You can export a module before removing it. It gets saved as a .bas file and you can import it in some other project. To export a module, right-click on the module and click on ‘Export file’.

Adding Code to the Object Code Window

To open the code window for an object, simply double-click on it.

When it opens, you can enter the code manually or copy-paste the code from other modules or from the internet.

Note that some of the objects allow you to choose the event for which you want to write the code.

For example, if you want to write a code for something to happen when selection is changed in the worksheet, you need to first select worksheets from the drop-down at the top left of the code window and then select the change event from the drop-down on the right.

Note: These events are specific to the object. When you open the code window for a workbook, you will see the events related to the workbook object. When you open the code window for a worksheet, you will see the events related to the worksheet object.

Customizing the VB Editor

While the default settings of the Visual Basic Editor are good enough for most users, it does allow you to further customize the interface and a few functionalities.

In this section of the tutorial, I will show you all the options you have when customizing the VB Editor.

To customize the VB Editor environment, click Tools in the menu bar and then click on Options.

This would open the Options dialog box which will give you all the customization options in the VB Editor. The ‘Options’ dialog box has four tabs (as shown below) that have various customizations options for the Visual Basic Editor.

Let’s quickly go through each of these tabs and the important options in each.

Editor Tab

While the inbuilt settings work fine in most cases, let me still go through the options in this tab.

As you get more proficient working with VBA in Excel, you may want to customize the VB Editor using some of these options.

Auto Syntax Check

When working with VBA in Excel, as soon as you make a syntax error, you will be greeted by a pop-up dialog box (with some description about the error). Something as shown below:

If you disable this option, this pop-up box will not appear even when you make a syntax error. However, there would be a change in color in the code text to indicate that there is an error.

If you’re a beginner, I recommend you keep this option enabled. As you get more experienced with coding, you may start finding these pop-up boxes irritating, and then you can disable this option.

Require Variable Declaration

This is one option I recommend enabling.

When you’re working with VBA, you would be using variables to hold different data types and objects.

When you enable this option, it automatically inserts the ‘Option Explicit’ statement at the top of the code window. This forces you to declare all the variables that you’re using in your code. If you don’t declare a variable and try to execute the code, it will show an error (as shown below).

In the above case, I used the variable Var, but I didn’t declare it. So when I try to run the code, it shows an error.

This option is quite useful when you have a lot of variables. It often helps me find misspelled variables names as they are considered as undeclared and an error is shown.

Note: When you enable this option, it does not impact the existing modules.

Auto List Member

This option is quite useful as it helps you get a list of properties of methods for an object.

For example, if I want to delete a worksheet (Sheet1), I need to use the line Sheet1.Delete.

While I am typing the code, as soon as I type the dot, it will show me all the methods and properties associated with the Worksheet object (as shown below).

Auto list feature is great as it allows you to:

• Quickly select the property and method from the list and saves time
• Shows you all the properties and methods which you may not be aware of
• Avoid making spelling errors

This option is enabled by default and I recommend keeping it that way.

Auto Quick Info Options

When you type a function in Excel worksheet, it shows you some information about the function – such as the arguments it takes.

Similarly, when you type a function in VBA, it shows you some information (as shown below). But for that to happen, you need to make sure the Auto Quick Info option is enabled (which it is by default).

Auto Data Tips Options

When you’re going through your code line by line and place your cursor above a variable name, it will show you the value of the variable.

I find it quite useful when debugging the code or going through the code line by line which has loops in it.

In the above example, as soon as I put the cursor over the variable (var), it shows the value it holds.

This option is enabled by default and I recommend you keep it that way.

Auto Indent

Since VBA codes can get long and messy, using indentation increases the readability of the code.

When writing code, you can indent using the tab key.

This option ensures that when you are done with the indented line and hit enter, the next line doesn’t start from the very beginning, but has the same indentation as the previous line.

In the above example, after I write the Debug.Print line and hit enter, it will start right below it (with the same indentation level).

I find this option useful and turning this off would mean manually indenting each line in a block of code that I want indented.

You can change the indentation value if you want. I keep it at the default value.

Drag and Drop Text Editing

When this option is enabled, it allows you to select a block of code and drag and drop it.

It saves time as you don’t have to first cut and then paste it. You can simply select and drag it.

This option is enabled by default and I recommend you keep it that way.

Default to Full Module View

When this option is enabled, you will be able to see all the procedures in a module in one single scrollable list.

If you disable this option, you will only be able to see one module at a time. You will have to make a selection of the module you want to see from the drop-down at the top right of the code window.

This option is enabled by default and I recommend keeping it that way.

One reason you may want to disable it when you have multiple procedures that are huge and scrolling across these is taking time, or when you have a lot of procedures and you want to quickly find it instead of wasting time in scrolling.

Procedure Separator

When this option is enabled, you will see a line (a kind of divider) between two procedures.

I find this useful as it visually shows when one procedure ends and the other one starts.

It’s enabled by default and I recommend keeping it that way.

Editor Format Tab

With the options in the Editor Format tab, you can customize the way your code looks in the code window.

Personally, I keep all the default options as I am fine with it. If you want, you can tweak this based on your preference.

To make a change, you need to first select an option in the Code Colors box. Once an option is selected, you can modify the foreground, background, and indicator color for it.

The font type and font size can also be set in this tab. It’s recommended to use a fixed-width font such as Courier New, as it makes the code more readable.

Note that the font type and size setting will remain the same for all code types (i.e., all the code types shown in the code color box).

Below is an image where I have selected Breakpoint, and I can change the formatting of it.

Note: The Margin Indicator Bar option when enabled shows a little margin bar to the left of the code. It’s helpful as it shows useful indicators when executing the code. In the above example, when you set a breakpoint, it will automatically show a red dot to the left of the line in the margin bar. Alternatively, to set a breakpoint, you can simply click on the margin bar on the left of the code line that you want as the breakpoint.

By default, Margin Indicator Bar is enabled and I recommend keeping it that way.

One of my VBA course students found this customization options useful and she was color blind. Using the options here, she was able to set the color and formats that made it easy for her to work with VBA.

General Tab

The General tab has many options but you don’t need to change any of it.

I recommend you keep all the options as is.

One important option to know about in this tab is Error Handling.

By default, ‘Break on Unhandled Errors’ is selected and I recommend keeping it that way.

This option means that if your code encounters an error, and you have not handled that error in your code already, then it will break and stop. But if you have addressed the error (such as by using On Error Resume Next or On Error Goto options), then it will not break (as the errors are not unhandled).

Docking Tab

In this tab, you can specify which windows you want to get docked.

Docking means that you can fix the position of a window (such as project explorer or the Properties window) so that it doesn’t float around and you can view all the different windows at the same time.

If you don’t dock, you will be able to view one window at a time in full-screen mode and will have to switch to the other one.

I recommend keeping the default settings.

Other Excel tutorials you may like:

• How to Remove Macros From an Excel Workbook
• Comments in Excel VBA (Add, Remove, Block Commenting)
• Using Active Cell in VBA in Excel (Examples)

Надстройки Excel – это прекрасная альтернатива создания макросов доступных для использования любых других файлов рабочих книг. Если Вам понравиться создавать свои надстройки и вы войдете во вкус, то это полезное и интересное занятие может еще для вас приносить неплохой доход. Надстройки можно публиковать и продавать в магазине Office Store. В данном примере мы покажем, как создать свою достройку с макросом, написанным на коде самого простого и весьма востребованного языка программирования VBA (Visual Basic for Applications).

Как сделать и установить надстройку в Excel

Чтобы создать, добавить и включить свою надстройку с макросом, следует:

1. Создайте новую рабочую книгу: «ФАЙЛ»-«Создать»-«Пустая книга». Или нажмите комбинацию горячих клавиш CTRL+N.



2. Откройте редактор макросов: «РАЗРАБОТЧИК»-«Код»-«Visual Basic».



3. Вставьте новый модуль выбрав инструмент: «Insert»-«Module».



4. В окне модуля введите свой код макроса. Возьмем простейший пример макроса:

Sub MyMakros()
Dim polzovatel As String
Dim data_segodnya As Date
polzovatel = Application.UserName
data_segodnya = Now
MsgBox "Макрос запустил пользователь: " & polzovatel & vbNewLine & data_segodnya
End Sub


5. Закройте окно редактора макросов и выберите инструмент: «ФАЙЛ»-«Сохранить как» (CTRL+S). В поле «Имя файла:» введите название для своей тестовой программы. А из выпадающего списка «Тип файла:» выберите значение «Надстройка Excel 97-2003» (*.xla). Автоматически откроеться папка для установки надстроек: C:Documents and SettingsUser_Name AppDataRoamingMicrosoftAddIns. И нажмите на кнопку «Сохранить».



6. Перед тем как установить надстройку в Excel, закройте все открытые рабочие книги снова запустите программу Excel.
7. Выберите инструмент: «ФАЙЛ»-«Параметры»-«Надстройки». Внизу из выпадающего списка «Управление:» укажите на опцию «Надстройки Excel» и нажмите на кнопку «Перейти».



8. В появившемся диалоговом окне «Надстройки» нажмите на кнопку «Обзор», а после найдите и найдите свое название, на против него поставьте галочки и нажмите на кнопку «Ок». Если вы не находите названия нажмите на кнопку «Обзор», чтобы указать путь к вашему файлу с надстройкой.

Надстройка VBA готова! Теперь во всех открытых рабочих книгах можно будет воспользоваться макросами из вашего *.xla файла. Чтобы убедиться в этом снова откройте редактор Visual Basic (ALT+F11).

Как видно ее теперь всегда можно найти в списке проектов и использовать все ее макросы в любых других файлах.



Как удалить надстройку в Excel

Чтобы отключить вашу надстройку снова откройте окно «ФАЙЛ»-«Параметры»-«Надстройки»-«Перейти» и снимите соответственную галочку в появившемся диалоговом окне. Для полного удаления надстройки придется удалить ее файл *.xla из папки C:Documents and SettingsUser_Name AppDataRoamingMicrosoftAddIns.

Полезные советы по надстройкам

Внимание! В данном примере мы использовали формат рабочей книги для сохранения файла в формате «Надстройка 97-2003». Это позволяет использовать ее в разных версиях Excel. Например, файлы, сохраненные в формате *.xlam не может быть использована в версии 2007 и старше. Поэтому лучше воспользоваться старым форматом файлов надстройке *.xla.

Читайте также: скачать VBA код программы надстройки сумма прописью с копейками на русском, украинском и английском языке. Или перевод числа в текст средствами Excel.

Примечание. Если вы хотите защитить паролем доступ к своим исходным кодам макросов, тогда выберите инструмент в редакторе Visual Basic: «Tools»-«VBAProject Properties». На закладке «Protection» в поле ввода «Password:» введите пароль для защиты доступу к макросам проекта рабочей книги. В поле ввода «Confirm password:» введите пароль повторено и нажмите на кнопку ОК.