Best models in the word

Cindy’s in a major Omega campaign, Naomi’s back on the catwalk and Donatella broke the internet with her reunion of the ‘famous five’ for the Versace SS18 show. As the original supers stalk back into the spotlight, here’s our edit of the best models of all time.

Introduction by Autumn Whitefield-Madrano

If you were old enough to reach a newsagent counter in 1990, you’ll remember that cover: Naomi, Linda, Tatjana, Christy and Cindy, high-glam action figures clustered together, gazing at us on the front of January Vogue. Even those of us who fancied ourselves too lofty for supermodel daydreams were entranced by Peter Lindbergh’s black and white photo, elevated from the realm of fashion and approaching something closer to cinema. It was the image that kicked off the era of supermodel mania. If you weren’t old enough the first time round, you’ll definitely remember a certain Instagram-breaking moment last September – a similarly Amazonian line-up of Cindy, Claudia, Naomi, Carla and Helena, reunited on the Versace SS18 catwalk. The ‘supermodel’ has come full circle – quite literally in the case of these returning stars, whose stock has never been higher than now.

The original gang, a bit like the Spice Girls, had someone for everyone. Naomi Campbell: assertive, playful yet exquisite, the obvious icon not only for young black women, but for those who coveted her haughty ‘I’m worth it’ chutzpah. Linda Evangelista: chameleon-like with her ever-changing hair colour, yet always unmistakable, and admired for the gumption of saying she wouldn’t get out of bed for less than $10,000 a day. Christy Turlington, with her calm doe-eyed gaze and impossibly perfect features that looked carved from soapstone. Cindy Crawford and Tatjana Patitz, the smiling, can-do faces of athletic vigour on each side of the pond. That cover was shot more than a quarter of a century ago, yet ask most people to name a supermodel, and chances are at least one member of this quintet will roll instantly off the tongue.

Not that they were the first to be termed ‘supermodels’. The word has been bandied about since 1891, when painter Henry Stacy Marks rhapsodised about a certain variety of sitter: ‘The “super” model… goes in for theatrical effect; always has an expression of “Ha! Ha! More blood…”’ With each person dubbed a ‘supermodel’ over the 75 years it took for the term to take hold, the profession took form. To be a supermodel is to be an entity larger than that of fashion plate: Lisa Fonssagrives, a Swede widely considered to be the very first of the type, is perhaps known as such because she leveraged her modelling streak of the 40s into a fashion-design career. You also need to be instantly recognisable, to have a Cindy Crawford-mole USP, if you will: when Dorian Leigh – another candidate for the world’s first supermodel – met legendary editor Diana Vreeland, Mrs V told her, ‘Do not – do not do anything to those eyebrows!’ Perhaps it’s about celebrity (Twiggy prompted The New York Times’ first use of the word, in 1968), or an unshakeable self-belief (Janice Dickinson claimed she coined the term in 1979, which is patently untrue).

If the 1990 quintet were the first graduating class of modern supermodels, Kate Moss was its first rogue scholar. She seized the public eye in a singular fashion: she was unhealthily skinny, the story went, and then there was that whole ‘heroin chic’ thing. Plus, she didn’t care, or at least she didn’t look like she did. That deadpan expression, that flatness echoed by the broad planes of her face – teenage girls who couldn’t disguise that they cared desperately about boys, good grades and being liked were probably infuriated by her insouciance, consoling themselves by silently thinking, ‘She isn’t even that pretty.’

It’s this, I now see, that made her a supermodel. Kate Moss is no gargoyle; she doesn’t even qualify as jolie laide. But her face was the next logical step from the template that her supermodel elders had etched. Evangelista et al were jaw-droppingly beautiful, none of them dabbled in plebeian prettiness. Kate, with her much-mentioned (in model terms) shortness, ‘bandy’ legs and gappy smile, had the same magnetism and uniqueness they all share. Mere beauty isn’t what set them apart. To earn the ‘super’ prefix, a model doesn’t have to be the most beautiful model nor does she have to be the most commercially successful. She has to have that ineffable quality known as ‘It’, even as her It-ness is conferred upon a supermodel largely after her christening. She has to be comfortable with that, inhabit it and use it to her advantage. ‘There was nothing like these girls,’ says Sasha Charnin Morrison, who witnessed the rise of the supermodel during her 30-plus years in fashion publishing, including stints as fashion director at Harper’s Bazaar, Allure and Us Weekly. ‘When they said things like, “I don’t get out of bed for less than $10,000 a day,” that made complete sense. They were worth every penny.’

And they were, for a while. The predecessor to the model was the mannequin; models were referred to as ‘live mannequins’ before we settled upon our current term. A model’s job is to wear clothes, to be dressed, styled and passively done unto. The supermodels turned this on its head – the essence of feminism is the ability to have a choice, and these women were the ones doing the choosing. They were in control of their bodies, careers and the clothes they agreed to wear – and they sold them. It is less about possessing beauty and more about possessing a ‘look’– one that can shift depending on circumstance and styling, of course. A model asks that you look at her as a part of the whole – the fashion, the make-up, the hair, the mise-en-scène. A supermodel asks no such thing; she demands, and in doing so makes it clear that it is her essence that should remain indelible in your mind.

Which was, of course, their downfall. By 1998, Time had declared the death of the supermodel, with good reason. Moss walked for Alexander McQueen in spring 1997; a year and a half later, his showstopping Joan of Arc show featured relative nobodies. Designers wanted their creations to take centre stage, and magazine covers used actresses when they wanted recognition, and lesser-known models when they wanted the face of ‘relatability’ – the idea being that readers better project their own identity on to a blank canvas, unaccompanied by the overwhelming individuality of a Cindy or a Naomi.

Today’s supermodels may not have inherited their predecessors’ iconic status as models, but their DNA carries other imprints: business acumen (Cindy founded an empire on fitness videos before YouTube was a twinkle in Steve Chen’s eye), brand relationships, distinct yet pliant identities. While the originals were made into stars by endless press coverage, social media has allowed Gigi, Bella and Kendall to create stars of themselves. They aren’t at the mercy of the press for their image; they create their own personae, controlling what to reveal and what to conceal. With this ability to generate mystery, the new supermodel has mastered the catch-22 of It-ness, along with the business savvy that goes with the title. What remains to be seen is whether they will develop the quality that sees a quorum of the Vogue five working into their 50s – the ability to compel. When you look at Naomi Campbell lounging on a bed, gazing into the camera with a languid tease, you see light. Perhaps you envy her, but your deeper envy belongs to the photographer, able to watch her transcendence from behind the safety of the lens. You can’t tear your eyes away.

Scroll down for our best models ever hall of fame…

1. Suzy Parker

(Image credit: REX/Shutterstock)

Era: Late 1940s — early 1960s From: New York Her look: Freckly and flame-haired with an hourglass figure USP: A favourite muse of photographer Richard Avedon, her sister Dorian was a famous model, dubbed the ‘world’s first supermodel’. That was before the world met Suzy. She went on to eclipse her sis, becoming the first model to earn $100,000 per year and the only one to have an (unreleased) Beatles song named after her

2. Twiggy (AKA Lesley Hornby)

(Image credit: REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 1960s From: Neasden, North-West London Her look: Bambi — after a few weeks of no dinner. Big eyes, spidery lashes and a skinny twig-like frame (hence the nickname). USP: Invented the Swinging Sixties — with a little help from the Beatles, Carnaby Street, et al. Discovered at 16 when she had her hair chopped off in hairdresser Leonard’s West End salon — a fashion journalist saw the pictures, and the rest is history.

3. Veruschka

(Image credit: Alinari/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 1960s From: Kaliningrad, Russia. Her look: A lionine mane of blonde hair and the kind of versatile face that could take any look — fake ‘eyes’ on her eyelids, being covered in gold leaf… You name it, she pulled it off USP: Her blue blood and fascinating family. Real name: Vera Gottliebe Anna Gräfin von Lehndorff-Steinort. Her mother was a Prussian countess and her father was a German count who was an active member of the Resistance — he was eventually executed for an assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler.

4. Penelope Tree

(Image credit: Daily Mail/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 1960s From: UK Her look: Saucer eyes, spiky lashes and poker-straight hair. ‘An Egyptian Jimminy Cricket’ according to her then-boyfriend, cheeky chappie photographer David Bailey. USP: Super-connected socialite roots — brought up in the US, her mother was an American socialite descended from famous social activist Endicott Peabody. Her British MP dad threatened to sue if her first-ever photos (by legendary photographer Diane Arbus) were published.

5. Jean Shrimpton (AKA ‘The Shrimp’)

(Image credit: REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 1960s From: High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire Her look: Delicate, snub-nosed perfection USP: Yet another David Bailey conquest, she started her affair with him when he was still married to his first wife, who he divorced to be with Shrimpton. Described as having ‘the world’s most beautiful face’, everything she wore (even barely visible in a beauty campaign) was always a sell-out

6. Pat Cleveland

(Image credit: Evening Standar/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 1960s-Present From: New York Her look: European-style beauty with a free-flowing mane of black hair USP: One of the most famous black models to break through fashion’s exclusionary policies of the 60s, she was named ‘the all-time superstar model’ by former US Vogue editor, André Leon Talley. Modelling for designers from Valentino to Yves Saint Laurent, it was on the runway where she really established her fame, bringing her own theatrical style. She moved to Paris in 1970, refusing to return to the US until 1974, the year Vogue first featured a black model on their cover.

7. Lauren Hutton

(Image credit: GLOBE/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 1970s-present. Yup, she’s still going, modelling for The Row, Club Monaco and jewellery brand Alexis Bittar in recent years From: Charleston, South Carolina Her look: Two words: gap teeth. After trying to disguise the gap with mortician’s wax, she eventually refused to have them ‘fixed’, heralding a new era of healthy body image and natural imagery in modelling USP: The first model to score a big-bucks beauty contract, negotiating $400,000 to be the ‘face’ of Revlon in 1973. Appeared on the cover of Vogue a record 41 times. Not forgetting her eight-page nude magazine photoshoot — at the age of 61. 8. Beverly Johnson

Era: 1970s

From: Buffalo, New York

Her look: Chisel-jawed glamour

USP: Credited with forcing fashion to take black women seriously, she was the first African-American model to appear on the cover of US Vogue in 1974 and ditto French Elle in 1975. Also an actress, she’s appeared in everything from Law & Order to Sabrina, the Teenage Witch in recent years

9. Christie Brinkley

(Image credit: REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 1970s and 1980s From: Michigan, USA Her look: Cookie-cutter California Girl personified (she was brought up in LA) — toned and tanned with a perma-grin USP: She had the longest-running beauty contract of any model, ever — 25 years as the face of Cover Girl. Along with 500 magazine covers, including 3 consecutive Sports Illustrated swimwear issue covers — quite the coup in the 1980s. Also: a spell as Mrs Billy Joel.

10. Cindy Crawford

(Image credit: Daily Mail/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 1980s and 1990s From: Illinois, USA Her look: Big hair, strong brows, athletic body. Hang on, have we forgotten something? Oh yes. The most famous mole OF ALL TIME. USP: Brains and business acumen. She nearly ended up as a chemical engineer and invented the celebrity workout video with her famous ‘Cindy Crawford: Shape Your Body’ exercise series, raking in a fortune in the process.

11. Claudia Schiffer

(Image credit: Ken Towner/ANL/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 1980s and 1990s From: Rheinberg, Germany Her look: Teutonic Brigitte Bardot USP: Holds the world record for most amount of magazine covers, as listed in the Guinness Book of World Records. Was hand-selected by Karl Lagerfeld for his Chanel campaigns and remained one of his favourites for years. But what can top being ‘guillotined’ by permatanned magician David Copperfield (her fiance from 1994-1999) live on stage?

12. Helena Christensen

(Image credit: Steve Wood/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 1980s-present From: Copenhagen, Denmark Her look: Enigmatic and olive-skinned, thanks to her mixed Danish/Peruvian heritage USP: Former Miss Universe Denmark with serious creative skills. She wanted to be a musician and has run her own fashion boutiques (including Butik in New York) and clothing lines. A successful photographer, she was the launch creative director of Nylon magazine, and has held exhibitions of her work

13. Linda Evangelista

(Image credit: Ken Towner/ANL/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 1980s-present From: Ontario, Canada Her look: Hawk-nosed chameleon, with ever-changing hair. Long before ‘The Rachel’, it was all about ‘The Linda’ — her 1989 gamine crop that became famous the world over, inspiring wigs and other celebrities (hello, Demi Moore in Ghost). USP: The feisty models’ model. It was she who uttered the infamous phrase, ‘We don’t wake up for less than $10,000 a day,’ referring to her and her fellow supermodel gang. She’s credited with setting a new benchmark for models’ fees and caused controversy by reportedly earning sky-high sums for walking in catwalk shows for the big houses.

14. Kristen McMenamy

(Image credit: David Fisher/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 1980s-presentFrom: Pennsylvania, USAHer look: Other-worldly androgynous. Legendary model agent Eileen Ford advised her to have cosmetic surgery — luckily, she pressed on with her unique lookUSP: Ushered in the era of grunge in 1992. Some might say she actually started it, by chopping her long red hair off and letting Francois Nars shave her eyebrows for an Anna Sui catwalk show. Cue international recognition and a starring role in fashion shoots with titles like ‘Grunge & Glory.’ Combined with her theatrical poses and runway ‘walk’, she’s still your go-to girl for high-fashion drama. 15. Christy Turlington

(Image credit: Paul Massey/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 1980s-present From: California (her mother is from El Salvador), USA Her look: Doe-eyed serenity — the embodiment of Calvin Klein’s fragrance Eternity, one of her most famous campaigns. USP: The Zen One. Having launched her own Ayurvedic skincare line and yoga range, she’s now a prominent campaigner for maternal health in the developing world. She studied for a masters’ degree in public health and launched Every Mother Counts, a non-profit organisation that supports maternal health programmes in countries including Malawi, Uganda, and Indonesia, as well as directing a 2010 documentary on the subject, No Woman, No Cry

16. Elle Macpherson

Era: 1980s-present

From: Sydney, Australia

Her Look: Athletic girl-next-door with surfboard abs

USP: She’s graced the cover of a record five Sports Illustrated Swimsuit issues, earning herself the nickname ‘The Body’. She had a ‘Body’-off with Heidi Klum after Klum referred to herself using the same nickname in an advertisement for a Victoria’s Secret bra. Savvy businesswoman to boot, she’s made millions with her lingerie line Elle Macpherson Intimates and was also head judge of Britain & Ireland’s Next Top Model for three years from 2010.

17. Naomi Campbell

(Image credit: Ken Towner/ANL/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 1980s-present From: Streatham, South London Her look: Perfectly symmetrical with pillowy pout and serious (some might say ferocious) attitude. USP: Where shall we start? The good: The first black model to appear on the cover of US Vogue’s key September issue (in 1989) Forced the fashion industry to up their bookings of black girls (her pal Yves Saint Laurent threatened to pull his advertising if they didn’t) Starred in a Bob Marley music video at age 7 Took fashion’s most famous tumble on a pair of Vivienne Westwood mega-platforms Was called ‘honorary granddaughter’ by Nelson Mandela Has worked non-stop for charity — including raising £4.5 million (and counting) for disaster relief through her own Fashion For Relief foundation The bad: Um. Convincted of assault four times and accused of various forms of assault or abuse by no less than 9 employees and associates Was forced to appear in a 2010 war crimes trial against former Liberian president Charles Taylor after apparently receiving a ‘blood diamond’ from him. She denied any knowledge.18. Kate Moss

(Image credit: CHARLES SYKES/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 1980s-present From: Croydon, South London Her look: The Game-Changer: ‘short’ (5’7″), slightly bow-legged, gap-toothed, freckly… The anti-glamazon. USP: The ultimate muse. She rarely speaks, but that’s OK because all other significant cultural voices do it for her. An 18-carat statue of her worth £1.5m created in 2008 for the British Museum was the largest gold statue created since Ancient Egyptian times, a painting of her by Lucian Freud was sold for £3.9 million in 2005, and she’s inspired every fashion photographer from Corinne Day to Mario Testino. Not to mention musicians, including her exes Pete Doherty and Jamie Hince. We won’t start on her actual style. If it wasn’t for her, would ‘Get The Look’ fashion pages even exist?19. Gisele Bundchen

(Image credit: Startraks Photo/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 1990s-present From: Southern Brazil. Her look: Brazilian bombshell who brought the sexy back. Sunkissed hair, sunkissed limbs, and a special Zoolander-tastic stride known as the ‘horse walk’ — knees up, feet kicking out in front. USP: She’s been the highest-paid model in the world every year since 2004. She wore the most expensive lingerie ever created in the 2000 Victoria’s Secret show (the ‘Red Hot Fantasy Bra’ worth $15 million) and she’s chalked up over 350 ad campaigns and 1,200 magazine covers.

20. Natalia Vodianova

(Image credit: Richard Young/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 1990s-present From: Gorky, Soviet Union (now Russia) Her look: Dreamy innocent with piercing blue eyes USP: Rags to riches tale following a heartbreaking early start — born into extreme poverty and with a disabled half-sister, she sold fruit on the street as a child to help family finances, before ending up as Viscountess Portman after marrying English property heir Justin Portman. Now goes out with equally illustrious Antoine Arnault, son of LVMH founder Bernard Arnault, and is a mother of four. Yes, four. And she can still shimmy into an Italian sample-size catwalk look 21. Erin O’Connor

(Image credit: Evening Standar/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 1990s-present From: West Midlands Her look: Unconventional, angular and aristocratic USP: The favourite muse of fashion’s great creatives, including Alexander McQueen (where she played a madwoman trapped in a glass cage for one of his early shows, Lunatic Asylum), John Galliano and Jean Paul Gaultier, who ‘discovered’ her. One of the few living people to appear on a Royal Mail postage stamp, part of a specially-commissioned set shot by photographer Nick Knight.

22. Alek Wek

(Image credit: Wood/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 1995-Present From: Wau, South Sudan Her look: Strong, unique and exotic USP: Dark-skinned models were almost unheard of in the high fashion industry before Wek came along. After being scouted by Models 1 age 14 she became a huge influence on changing beauty ideals and went on to grace the covers of Elle, i-D, Glamour and Cosmopolitan, as well as appearing in editorials for Vogue. She fled her native Sudan in 1991 to escape the civil war and now devotes time to work with UNICEF, Doctors Without Borders and World Vision.

23. Agyness Deyn

(Image credit: Richard Young/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 2000s From: Greater Manchester Her look: Punky bleached crop and down-to-earth, non-model ‘walk’. USP: Best mates with teenage pal Henry Holland, it’s fair to say she helped launch his career while he helped launched hers. Her first job was in a chip shop in Rossendale. Now a bona fide serious actress, starring in West End play The Leisure Society and films including Electricity (2013) and Patient Zero (2015)

24. Jessica Stam

(Image credit: Charles Sykes/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 2000s-present From: Ontario, Canada Her look: Elfin porcelain-doll pretty, with feline eyes USP: She inspired one of the original It bags, the Marc Jacobs ‘Stam’ — a quilted, ladylike frame bag — in 2005. Demand was so high, waiting lists had to be closed. A glammer claim to fame than being the world’s most beautiful dentist — her original career plan. 25. Mariacarla Boscono

(Image credit: WWD/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 2000s From: Rome (with a well-travelled childhood featuring spells in Florida, Italy and Kenya) Her look: Black-haired, pale-skinned Sicilian-widow glamour USP: Has appeared in the Pirelli calendar 3 times. She’s earned a place in fashion history as long-running muse to Givenchy’s Riccardo Tisci — she’s basically the human embodiment of his dark, Latin-infused aesthetic.

26. Daria Werbowy

(Image credit: David Fisher/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 2000s From: Krakow, Poland (she grew up in Canada) Her look: Tawny, leggy, panther-like grace USP: A true fashion models’ model, she holds the all-time record for opening and closing the most shows in a single season. Her long, lithe limbs and cool, natural beauty have been seen in everything from Balmain (the image of her in then-designer Christophe Decarnin’s 2010 collection with its ripped khaki vests, sharp-shouldered military jackets and skinny leather jeans sparked a thousand copycats) to Vogue Paris shoots galore.

27. Liu Wen

Era: 2000s From: Hunan, China

Her look: Delicate features topped off with sweet dimples

USP: Dubbed ‘the first Chinese supermodel’ by reductionists everywhere, it can’t be denied that she’s done a lot to bridge the gap between East and West as far as fashion’s concerned. The first East-Asian model to star in the Victoria’s Secret show, the first East-Asian spokesmodel for Estée Lauder and the first Asian model to make Forbes magazine’s annual highest-paid model ranking. Also riveting: she claims she’s never had a boyfriend. 28. Cara Delevingne

(Image credit: Jim Smeal/BEI/BEI/Shutterstock)

Era: 2010s From: West London Her look: Angel face with beetle brows USP: Aristo with attitude. Impressive array of comedy facial expressions (tongue-out selfie, anyone?) and ‘don’t give a ****’ approach. Her family’s posher than a princess (relatives include a lady-in-waiting to Princess Margaret, baronets and viscounts aplenty and two Lord Mayors of London) but she’s not shy about her undercut or indeed about being bisexual, currently dating female singer St Vincent.29. Edie Campbell

(Image credit: Startraks Photo/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 2010s From: Westbourne Grove, West London Her look: Unique combo of haughty and kooky — sullen stare, fine features and punky crop USP: A talented jockey, she won the first-ever ladies charity race, The Magnolia Cup, at Goodwood in 2011. No wonder Burberry have snapped her up to convey classy Brit cool personified in ad campaigns galore. 30. Jourdan Dunn

(Image credit: Startraks Photo/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 2000s-present From: Greenford, West London Her look: Razor-sharp cheekbones and a sultry, sleepy gaze USP: In 2008, she was (sadly) the first black model to walk in a Prada show for over a decade. Now a poster girl for diversity in modelling, causing controversy when she posted on social media that she’d been rejected from a Dior couture show for her boobs and not her skin colour, which she said is what ‘usually happens’. Also a role model for young single mums everywhere — she had her son, Riley, at 19, and has spoken about his battle with sickle-cell anaemia.

31. Kendall Jenner

(Image credit: SIPA/REX/Shutterstock)

Era: 2010s-present From: LA Her look: High-fashion version of the Kardashian LookTM USP: When you book Kendall, you book access to 35 MILLION devoted social media followers. Yup, she was definitely paying attention when Kris ‘n’ Kim were working out the global domination master plan. Google have named her as the second most-searched-for model in the world, and Adweek claimed she generates $236,000 for a single Tweet. The Instagirl generation has arrived.

Modeling is not an easy thing to do and for somebody who is not really interested in what models do ,I may not even be clear what these models do. Somebody may be wondering what they gain by walking on their toes as people watch them. Somebody like that may not even imagine that some of the models earn more than some of the famous people they know. However, not every model is lucky enough to collect these lots of money as it requires particular attributes to do that. All the same, here are the top 10 highest paid models in 2020.

The model must be able to grab every single opportunity they come across and know how to couple these opportunities with great deals. If the model does these two things in the right way then it may just open both doors and windows for cash to start flowing in. Stories have been told about some models who came from very humble backgrounds but latter become filthy rich just because of modeling. If you have a passion for modeling then I will definitely encourage you to follow your dream. It may not just end up being your full-time job but also well rewarding. I invite you to look at the top ten highest paid models in the whole word. These people are filthy rich!

10. Miranda Kerr

• $6,000,000

At the age of thirty four, this model has managed to secure regular payments of up to six million dollars. I mean so many people spend a lot of hours in offices but still they cannot even imagine such amount of money in their bank accounts. Her high paying contracts with Escada fragrance and Wonderba have seen her appear in this list of top earning models this year. The Australian supper model also happens to own a series of glass ware, a cosmetic line and also Kora organics. By my standards I would say that she is really doing well.

At a tender age of thirteen, Kerr had already got herself into the modeling industry. She also happens to be the first Australian to take part in Victoria’s secret campaign and that was in the year two thousand and seven. The events around the year 1997 that saw her make away with victories at nationwide model search which was organized by Impulse fragrances and Dolly Magazine would be considered the turning point for this model as she got her first break through.

However, her winning did not just come alone, it come with controversies surrounding the effects of modeling and fashion on girls of her age at that time. Other than being featured in this list, Kerr is also ranked among the best most admired women. Among many other things, she is also an author of a self help book and owns Kora Organics which happens to be her own brand of organic skin care. I think if you want to be a model you can use a few tips from her but that is just what I think because inspiration is key, even before you get the tips you have to be inspired.

9. Liu Wen

• $7,000,000

  

Now this one is interesting because at some point I thought that for you to earn good money if you are a Chinese then you have to find yourself featured in a kung –fu movie but Liu Wen must have proved me wrong. Anyway I still have to confirm if she is not featured in one of such movies. All that put aside, this model’s face and gorgeous body can tell it all. She has a way of coupling her beauty with steady contracts that always see her smiling her way to the bank.

One of the contracts that has seen featured in this list is the contract with La Perla , a high end clothing brand. In addition to that she also has another contract with Estee Launder. This has made hare one of the highest earning Chinese citizens and a very popular lady in the Chinese fashion model

8. Candice Swanepoel

• $7,100,000

This is another model who has also managed to appear in the list of the most beautiful women on earth. She is a unique model in that she actually cares for her people and this is evident from the support she gives to Mother2Mother, a charity organization that works towards eradication of HIV among the women and children of Africa. This South African diva has mastered the skill of balancing time between her contracts. She currently has three known contracts. Her contracts with Maxfactor, Biotherm and Victoria Secret seem to be well rewarding.

Her career in modeling began when she was lucky to be adopted by a model scout at the age of fifteen. If you have been keen you will realize that she has appeared in several covers some of which include Lush, GQ, Harper’s Bazaar, I-D, Elle among others. In addition to that she is also not a new face in advertising. She has done advertisements for Christian Dior, Jean Paul Gaultier and Jason Wu just to mention but a few.

7. Cara Delevingne

• $8,500,000

At number seven is not just a model but also a big name in the film industry. I know many did not expect her to be in this list however, Cara Jocelyn Delevingne with a massive following of over thirty four million people on Instagram may have just found a way to making millions making her one of the biggest earners of the year. If you did not know her well allow be to let you know that she is not just a model but also an actress and a singer too. Her history in modeling is rather interesting. Can you imagine that she actually dropped out of school at the age of ten to go into modeling! It paid off anyway. She has been able to win the model of the year awards not once but twice in the years 2014 and 2012 at the British Fashion Awards.

6. Rosie Huntington-Whiteley

• $9,000,000

I actually did not believe that modeling can also be inborn until I come across this beautiful English model. She is a perfect example of natural talent. It is this talent that makes her carries home a clean nine million dollars. And did I mention that she is feature among the most beautiful English models and I actually think that is one of the reasons she has gained popularity. You can catch her on Instagram @rosiehw and prove to yourself her lifestyle given what she posts that features high-end living.

5. Gigi Hadid

•  $9,000,000

I am tempted to say that models are at their best when they are are in their twenties. This is another young model who is earning big from the industry. In a normal situation, I would say that nine million dollars is too much money to be earned by a twenty two years old lady. However, because of this model, I am willing to change my stand to accommodate extra ordinary cases like hers.  Her deals with Topshop, Tommy Hilfiger, Maybelline and BMW may be attributed to her featuring in this list. Moreover,  if you do not know her well then you might just be surprised to know that she also appears in The Top 50 models @ models .com

As if that is not enough, the British Fashion Council in the year two thousand and sixteen saw it wise to name Gigi Hadid the International Model of the Year. I would say that she is very lucky to have what many models out there would wish to have and if it is not luck then I do not know what it is.

4. Kendall Jenner

• $10,000,000

Did you ever imagine that the most beautiful ladies in the earth are also the highest income earners in the word? I guess your answer is a big no but i want to assure you that you are not alone in this because most people I have come across actually know nothing about modeling. However, those who know and understand modeling would know that beautiful ladies in the modeling industry are also among the millionaire list.

In the word today, Kendall Jenner is ranked not only in the list of highest paid models but also among the most beautiful girls in the planet earth. She is a perfect example of a multitalented model with ballet skill to add to her modeling. She is actually among the few models who posses ballet skills. In fact, I have never heard of any other model with such skills. If you are among the Instagram fans then I guess you already know that she is one of the most followed persons on that social media platform. If you are not already following her then check her @kendallienner.

3. Karlie Kloss

• $10,000,000

There is also a breed of models that couple modeling with entrepreneurship. Karlie Kloss is just one of them. With an estimate earning of ten million dollars, she manages to secure a third position on the list of the higher paid models. She managed to retain the America’s Secret Angel for four consecutive years from the year two thousand and eleven to the year two thousand and fourteen. Besides, she is also ranked among the most beautiful models in America.

2. Adriana Lima

• $10,500,000

Lima is the longest running angel in the history of Victoria Secret. She has what many of the models in the world would like to have. She is considered a role model by many beginners in the industry. This did not just come easy, from as early as the year two thousand, she was already the spokes model for a renowned cosmetics company named Maybelline cosmetics, a position that she has been holding since then to date. That is not the only contract that she has managed to keep for such a long period of time.  Other companies that she has worked with include Kia Motors Commercials and Super Bowl with which she worked with from the year two thousand and three to the year two thousand and nine.

As a result of holding the record of longest running angel in the history of Victoria Secret, she has come to be popularly known as Victoria’s Secret Angel. The most astonishing part of her story is when she first thought of being a model. You will agree with me that some people up to collage level before they know what they really want to do with their lives. That was not the case with this super model; on the contrary she was able to identify her talent while still in elementary school and if you think she waited to be an adult before starting to grab awards, then you are wrong, she was crowed a beauty pageant while in elementary school, an award that motivated her to be what she is today.

1. Gisele Bündchen

• $30,500,000

At number one is Gisele Bundchen. This one never seizes to amaze me; in fact it looks like riches decided to follow her to retirement. Despite having retired from the modeling industry, her name can still not miss in the list of the top highest paid models in the world and from the look of things she is set to continue featuring in this list. For the past ten years, she has maintained the top slot in the list of super rich models. As a result, she has been named the QUEEN of Supermodels.

This Brazilian model is not just a model, beyond that; she is a producer and an actress. Her modeling star started to shine in the 1990s and she is also a major contributor to the end of heroin chic modeling era in 1999. To some people she is the only remaining true and original supermodel today. Among her achievements is the invention of the “horse walk”. We cannot also ignore the fact that she was actually part of the Victoria’s Secret Angels from the year two thousand to mid two thousand and seven. She also played a movie role in the Devil Wear Prada (2006) and also Taxi (2004).

Conclusion

Modeling in this century is a profession that many would envy since it is evident that it is well paying. However, it requires a lot of determination and self sacrifice to climb to the top because for you to be at the top, you have to be among the best.

Related

Introduction

In this article, we will see the tutorial for doing word embeddings with the word2vec model in the Gensim library. We will first understand what is word embeddings and what is word2vec model. Then we will see its two types of architectures namely the Continuous Bag of Words (CBOW) model and Skip Gram model. Finally, we will explain how to use the pre-trained word2vec model and how to train a custom word2vec model in Gensim with your own text corpus. And as a bonus, we will also cover the visualization of our custom word2vec model.

What is Word Embeddings?

Machine learning and deep learning algorithms cannot work with text data directly, hence they need to be converted into numerical representations.  In NLP, there are techniques like Bag of Words, Term Frequency, TF-IDF, to convert text into numeric vectors. However, these classical techniques do not represent the semantic relationship relationships between the texts in numeric form.

This is where word embedding comes into play. Word Embeddings are numeric vector representations of text that also maintain the semantic and contextual relationships within the words in the text corpus.

In such representation, the words that have stronger semantic relationships are closer to each other in the vector space. As you can see in the below example, the words Apple and Mango are close to each other as they both have many similar features of being fruit. Similarly, the words King and Queen are close to each other because they are similar in the royal context.

What is Word2Vec Model?

Word2vec is a popular technique for creating word embedding models by using neural network. The word2vec architectures were proposed by a team of researchers led by Tomas Mikolov at Google in 2013.

The word2vec model can create numeric vector representations of words from the training text corpus that maintains the semantic and syntactic relationship. A very famous example of how word2vec preserves the semantics is when you subtract the word Man from King and add Woman it gives you Queen as one of the closest results.

King – Man + Woman ≈ Queen

You may think about how we are doing addition or subtraction with words but do remember that these words are represented by numeric vectors in word2vec so when you apply subtraction and addition the resultant vector is closer to the vector representation of Queen.

In vector space, the word pair of King and Queen and the pair of Man and Woman have similar distances between them. This is another way putting that word2vec can draw the analogy that if Man is to Woman then Kind is to Queen!

The publicly released model of word2vec by Google consists of 300 features and the model is trained in the Google news dataset. The vocabulary size of the model is around 1.6 billion words. However, this might have taken a huge time for the model to be trained on but they have applied a method of simple subsampling approach to optimize the time.

Word2Vec Architecture

The paper proposed two word2vec architectures to create word embedding models – i) Continuous Bag of Words (CBOW) and ii) Skip-Gram.

i) Continuous Bag of Words (CBOW) Model

In the continuous bag of words architecture, the model predicts the current word from the surrounding context words. The length of the surrounding context word is the window size that is a tunable hyperparameter. The model can be trained by a single hidden layer neural network.

Once the neural network is trained, it results in the vector representation of the words in the training corpus. The size of the vector is also a hyperparameter that we can accordingly choose to produce the best possible results.

ii) Skip-Gram Model

In the skip-gram model, the neural network is trained to predict the surrounding context words given the current word as input. Here also the window size of the surrounding context words is a tunable parameter.

When the neural network is trained, it produces the vector representation of the words in the training corpus. Hera also the size of the vector is a hyperparameter that can be experimented with to produce the best results.

CBOW vs Skip-Gram Word2Vec Model

1. CBOW model is trained by predicting the current word by giving the surrounding context words as input. Whereas the Skip-Gram model is trained by predicting the surrounding context words by providing the central word as input.
2. CBOW model is faster to train as compared to the Skip-Gram model.
3. CBOW model works well to represent the more frequently appearing words whereas Skip-Gram works better to represent less frequent rare words.

For details and information, you may refer to the original word2vec paper here.

Word2Vec using Gensim Library

Gensim is an open-source python library for natural language processing. Working with Word2Vec in Gensim is the easiest option for beginners due to its high-level API for training your own CBOW and SKip-Gram model or running a pre-trained word2vec model.

Installing Gensim Library

Let us install the Gensim library and its supporting library python-Levenshtein.

In[1]:

pip install gensim
pip install python-Levenshtein

In the below sections, we will show you how to run the pre-trained word2vec model in Gensim and then show you how to train your CBOW and SKip-Gram.

(All the examples are shown with Genism 4.0 and may not work with Genism 3.x version) 

Working with Pretrained Word2Vec Model in Gensim

i) Download Pre-Trained Weights

We will use the pre-trained weights of word2vec that was trained on Google New corpus containing 3 billion words. This model consists of 300-dimensional vectors for 3 million words and phrases.

The weight can be downloaded from this link. It is a 1.5GB file so make sure you have enough space to save it.

ii) Load Libraries

We load the required Gensim libraries and modules as shown below –

In[2]:

import gensim
from gensim.models import Word2Vec,KeyedVectors

iii) Load Pre-Trained Weights

Next, we load our pre-trained weights by using the KeyedVectors.load_word2vec_format() module of Gensim. Make sure to give the right path of pre-trained weights in the first parameter. (In our case, it is saved in the current working directory)

In[3]:

model = KeyedVectors.load_word2vec_format('GoogleNews-vectors-negative300.bin.gz',binary=True,limit=100000)

iv) Checking Vectors of Words

We can check the numerical vector representation just like the below example where we have shown it for the word man.

In[4]:

vec = model['man']
print(vec)

Out[4]:

[ 0.32617188  0.13085938  0.03466797 -0.08300781  0.08984375 -0.04125977
 -0.19824219  0.00689697  0.14355469  0.0019455   0.02880859 -0.25
 -0.08398438 -0.15136719 -0.10205078  0.04077148 -0.09765625  0.05932617
  0.02978516 -0.10058594 -0.13085938  0.001297    0.02612305 -0.27148438
  0.06396484 -0.19140625 -0.078125    0.25976562  0.375      -0.04541016
  0.16210938  0.13671875 -0.06396484 -0.02062988 -0.09667969  0.25390625
  0.24804688 -0.12695312  0.07177734  0.3203125   0.03149414 -0.03857422
  0.21191406 -0.00811768  0.22265625 -0.13476562 -0.07617188  0.01049805
 -0.05175781  0.03808594 -0.13378906  0.125       0.0559082  -0.18261719
  0.08154297 -0.08447266 -0.07763672 -0.04345703  0.08105469 -0.01092529
  0.17480469  0.30664062 -0.04321289 -0.01416016  0.09082031 -0.00927734
 -0.03442383 -0.11523438  0.12451172 -0.0246582   0.08544922  0.14355469
 -0.27734375  0.03662109 -0.11035156  0.13085938 -0.01721191 -0.08056641
 -0.00708008 -0.02954102  0.30078125 -0.09033203  0.03149414 -0.18652344
 -0.11181641  0.10253906 -0.25976562 -0.02209473  0.16796875 -0.05322266
 -0.14550781 -0.01049805 -0.03039551 -0.03857422  0.11523438 -0.0062561
 -0.13964844  0.08007812  0.06103516 -0.15332031 -0.11132812 -0.14160156
  0.19824219 -0.06933594  0.29296875 -0.16015625  0.20898438  0.00041771
  0.01831055 -0.20214844  0.04760742  0.05810547 -0.0123291  -0.01989746
 -0.00364685 -0.0135498  -0.08251953 -0.03149414  0.00717163  0.20117188
  0.08300781 -0.0480957  -0.26367188 -0.09667969 -0.22558594 -0.09667969
  0.06494141 -0.02502441  0.08496094  0.03198242 -0.07568359 -0.25390625
 -0.11669922 -0.01446533 -0.16015625 -0.00701904 -0.05712891  0.02807617
 -0.09179688  0.25195312  0.24121094  0.06640625  0.12988281  0.17089844
 -0.13671875  0.1875     -0.10009766 -0.04199219 -0.12011719  0.00524902
  0.15625    -0.203125   -0.07128906 -0.06103516  0.01635742  0.18261719
  0.03588867 -0.04248047  0.16796875 -0.15039062 -0.16992188  0.01831055
  0.27734375 -0.01269531 -0.0390625  -0.15429688  0.18457031 -0.07910156
  0.09033203 -0.02709961  0.08251953  0.06738281 -0.16113281 -0.19628906
 -0.15234375 -0.04711914  0.04760742  0.05908203 -0.16894531 -0.14941406
  0.12988281  0.04321289  0.02624512 -0.1796875  -0.19628906  0.06445312
  0.08935547  0.1640625  -0.03808594 -0.09814453 -0.01483154  0.1875
  0.12792969  0.22753906  0.01818848 -0.07958984 -0.11376953 -0.06933594
 -0.15527344 -0.08105469 -0.09277344 -0.11328125 -0.15136719 -0.08007812
 -0.05126953 -0.15332031  0.11669922  0.06835938  0.0324707  -0.33984375
 -0.08154297 -0.08349609  0.04003906  0.04907227 -0.24121094 -0.13476562
 -0.05932617  0.12158203 -0.34179688  0.16503906  0.06176758 -0.18164062
  0.20117188 -0.07714844  0.1640625   0.00402832  0.30273438 -0.10009766
 -0.13671875 -0.05957031  0.0625     -0.21289062 -0.06542969  0.1796875
 -0.07763672 -0.01928711 -0.15039062 -0.00106049  0.03417969  0.03344727
  0.19335938  0.01965332 -0.19921875 -0.10644531  0.01525879  0.00927734
  0.01416016 -0.02392578  0.05883789  0.02368164  0.125       0.04760742
 -0.05566406  0.11572266  0.14746094  0.1015625  -0.07128906 -0.07714844
 -0.12597656  0.0291748   0.09521484 -0.12402344 -0.109375   -0.12890625
  0.16308594  0.28320312 -0.03149414  0.12304688 -0.23242188 -0.09375
 -0.12988281  0.0135498  -0.03881836 -0.08251953  0.00897217  0.16308594
  0.10546875 -0.13867188 -0.16503906 -0.03857422  0.10839844 -0.10498047
  0.06396484  0.38867188 -0.05981445 -0.0612793  -0.10449219 -0.16796875
  0.07177734  0.13964844  0.15527344 -0.03125    -0.20214844 -0.12988281
 -0.10058594 -0.06396484 -0.08349609 -0.30273438 -0.08007812  0.02099609]

iv) Most Similar Words

We can get the list of words similar to the given words by using the most_similar() API of Gensim.

In[5]:

model.most_similar('man')

Out[5]:

[(‘woman’, 0.7664012908935547),
(‘boy’, 0.6824871301651001),
(‘teenager’, 0.6586930155754089),
(‘teenage_girl’, 0.6147903203964233),
(‘girl’, 0.5921714305877686),
(‘robber’, 0.5585119128227234),
(‘teen_ager’, 0.5549196600914001),
(‘men’, 0.5489763021469116),
(‘guy’, 0.5420035123825073),
(‘person’, 0.5342026352882385)]

In[6]:

model.most_similar('PHP')

Out[6]:

[(‘ASP.NET’, 0.7275794744491577),
(‘Visual_Basic’, 0.6807329654693604),
(‘J2EE’, 0.6805503368377686),
(‘Drupal’, 0.6674476265907288),
(‘NET_Framework’, 0.6344218254089355),
(‘Perl’, 0.6339991688728333),
(‘MySQL’, 0.6315538883209229),
(‘AJAX’, 0.6286270618438721),
(‘plugins’, 0.6174636483192444),
(‘SQL’, 0.6123985052108765)]

v) Word Analogies

Let us now see the real working example of King-Man+Woman of word2vec in the below example. After doing this operation we use most_similar() API and can see Queen is at the top of the similarity list.

In[7]:

vec = model['king'] - model['man'] + model['women']
model.most_similar([vec])

Out[7]:

[(‘king’, 0.6478992700576782),
(‘queen’, 0.535493791103363),
(‘women’, 0.5233659148216248),
(‘kings’, 0.5162314772605896),
(‘queens’, 0.4995364248752594),
(‘princes’, 0.46233269572257996),
(‘monarch’, 0.45280295610427856),
(‘monarchy’, 0.4293173849582672),
(‘crown_prince’, 0.42302510142326355),
(‘womens’, 0.41756653785705566)]

Let us see another example, this time we do INR – India + England and amazingly the model returns the currency GBP in the most_similar results.

In[8]:

vec = model['INR'] - model ['India'] + model['England']
model.most_similar([vec])

Out[8]:

[(‘INR’, 0.6442341208457947),
(‘GBP’, 0.5040826797485352),
(‘England’, 0.44649264216423035),
(‘£’, 0.43340998888015747),
(‘Â_£’, 0.4307197630405426),
(‘£_#.##m’, 0.42561301589012146),
(‘GBP##’, 0.42464491724967957),
(‘stg’, 0.42324796319007874),
(‘EUR’, 0.418365478515625),
(‘€’, 0.4151178002357483)]

Training Custom Word2Vec Model in Gensim

i) Understanding Syntax of Word2Vec()

It is very easy to train custom wor2vec model in Gensim with your own text corpus by using Word2Vec() module of gensim.models by providing the following parameters –

• sentences: It is an iterable list of tokenized sentences that will serve as the corpus for training the model.
• min_count: If any word has a frequency below this, it will be ignored.
• workers: Number of CPU worker threads to be used for training the model.
• window: It is the maximum distance between the current and predicted word considered in the sentence during training.
• sg: This denotes the training algorithm. If sg=1 then skip-gram is used for training and if  sg=0 then CBOW is used for training.
• epochs: Number of epochs for training.

These are just a few parameters that we are using, but there are many other parameters available for more flexibility. For full syntax check the Gensim documentation here.

ii) Dataset for Custom Training

For the training purpose, we are going to use the first book of the Harry Potter series – “The Philosopher’s Stone”. The text file version can be downloaded from this link.

iii) Loading Libraries

We will be loading the following libraries. TSNE and matplotlib are loaded to visualize the word embeddings of our custom word2vec model.

In[9]:

# For Data Preprocessing
import pandas as pd

# Gensim Libraries
import gensim
from gensim.models import Word2Vec,KeyedVectors

# For visualization of word2vec model
from sklearn.manifold import TSNE
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline

iii) Loading of Dataset

Next, we load the dataset by using the pandas read_csv function.

In[10]:

df = pd.read_csv('HarryPotter.txt', delimiter = "n",header=None)
df.columns = ['Line']
df

Out[10]:

6762 rows × 1 columns

iv) Text Preprocessing

For preprocessing we are going to use gensim.utils.simple_preprocess that does the basic preprocessing by tokenizing the text corpus into a list of sentences and remove some stopwords and punctuations.

gensim.utils.simple_preprocess module is good for basic purposes but if you are going to create a serious model, we advise using other standard options and techniques for robust text cleaning and preprocessing.

• Also Read – 11 Techniques of Text Preprocessing Using NLTK in Python

In[11]:

preprocessed_text = df['Line'].apply(gensim.utils.simple_preprocess)
preprocessed_text

Out[11]:

0                                                      []
1                                  [the, boy, who, lived]
2       [mr, and, mrs, dursley, of, number, four, priv...
3       [were, proud, to, say, that, they, were, perfe...
4       [thank, you, very, much, they, were, the, last...
                              ...                        
6757    [oh, will, said, harry, and, they, were, surpr...
6758    [the, grin, that, was, spreading, over, his, f...
6759    [know, we, re, not, allowed, to, use, magic, a...
6760    [going, to, have, lot, of, fun, with, dudley, ...
6761                                               [page]
Name: Line, Length: 6762, dtype: object

v) Train CBOW Word2Vec Model

This is where we train the custom word2vec model with the CBOW technique. For this, we pass the value of sg=0 along with other parameters as shown below.

The value of other parameters is taken with experimentations and may not produce a good model since our goal is to explain the steps for training your own custom CBOW model. You may have to tune these hyperparameters to produce good results.

In[12]:

model_cbow = Word2Vec(sentences=preprocessed_text, sg=0, min_count=10, workers=4, window =3, epochs = 20)

Once the training is complete we can quickly check an example of finding the most similar words to “harry”. It actually does a good job to list out other character’s names that are close friends of Harry Potter. Is it not cool!

In[13]:

model_cbow.wv.most_similar("harry")

Out[13]:

[(‘ron’, 0.8734568953514099),
(‘neville’, 0.8471445441246033),
(‘hermione’, 0.7981335520744324),
(‘hagrid’, 0.7969962954521179),
(‘malfoy’, 0.7925101518630981),
(‘she’, 0.772059977054596),
(‘seamus’, 0.6930352449417114),
(‘quickly’, 0.692932665348053),
(‘he’, 0.691251814365387),
(‘suddenly’, 0.6806278228759766)]

v) Train Skip-Gram Word2Vec Model

For training word2vec with skip-gram technique, we pass the value of sg=1 along with other parameters as shown below. Again, these hyperparameters are just for experimentation and you may like to tune them for better results.

In[14]:

model_skipgram = Word2Vec(sentences =preprocessed_text, sg=1, min_count=10, workers=4, window =10, epochs = 20)

Again, once training is completed, we can check how this model works by finding the most similar words for “harry”. But this time we see the results are not as impressive as the one with CBOW.

In[15]:

model_skipgram.wv.most_similar("harry")

Out[15]:

[(‘goblin’, 0.5757830142974854),
(‘together’, 0.5725131630897522),
(‘shaking’, 0.5482161641120911),
(‘he’, 0.5105234980583191),
(‘working’, 0.5037856698036194),
(‘the’, 0.5015968084335327),
(‘page’, 0.4912668466567993),
(‘story’, 0.4897386431694031),
(‘furiously’, 0.4880291223526001),
(‘then’, 0.47639384865760803)]

v) Visualizing Word Embeddings

The word embedding model created by wor2vec can be visualized by using Matplotlib and the TNSE module of Sklearn. The below code has been referenced from the Kaggle code by Jeff Delaney here and we have just modified the code to make it compatible with Gensim 4.0 version.

In[16]:

def tsne_plot(model):
    "Creates and TSNE model and plots it"
    labels = []
    tokens = []
    
    for word in model.wv.key_to_index:
        
        tokens.append(model.wv[word])
        labels.append(word)
    
    tsne_model = TSNE(perplexity=40, n_components=2, init='pca', n_iter=2500, random_state=23)
    new_values = tsne_model.fit_transform(tokens)

    x = []
    y = []
    for value in new_values:
        x.append(value[0])
        y.append(value[1])
        
    plt.figure(figsize=(16, 16)) 
    for i in range(len(x)):
        plt.scatter(x[i],y[i])
        plt.annotate(labels[i],
                     xy=(x[i], y[i]),
                     xytext=(5, 2),
                     textcoords='offset points',
                     ha='right',
                     va='bottom')
    plt.show()

a) Visualize Word Embeddings for CBOW

Let us visualize the word embeddings of our custom CBOW model by using the above custom function.

In[17]:

tsne_plot(model_cbow)

Out[17]:

b) Visualize Word Embeddings for Skip-Gram

Let us visualize the word embeddings of our custom Skip-Gram model by using the above custom function.

In[18]:

tsne_plot(model_skipgram)

Out[18]: